Bristol BEAUFIGHTER MK VI F Paper Model

Bristol Beaufighter Papercraft Bristol BEAUFIGHTER MK VI F Papercraft

The Bristol Type 156 Beaufighter (often referred to simply as the "Beau") is a multi-role aircraft developed during the Second World War by Bristol Aeroplane Company in the UK. It was originally conceived as a heavy fighter variant of the Bristol Beaufort bomber. The Beaufighter was a versatile aircraft used in service initially as a night fighter, and later mainly in the maritime strike and ground attack roles; it also replaced the earlier Beaufort as a torpedo bomber.

Variants built in Australia by the Department of Aircraft Production (DAP) were sometimes referred to by the name DAP Beaufighter. The idea of a fighter development of the Beaufort was suggested to the Air Ministry by Bristol. The suggestion coincided with the delays in the development and production of the Westland Whirlwind cannon-armed twin-engine fighter.[2] Bristol made proposals of a fixed four-cannon version and a turret fighter with twin cannons; the former was preferred by the assistant chief of the air staff. As a torpedo bomber and "general reconnaissance" aircraft the Beaufort had moderate performance but for fighter-like performance Bristol suggested their new Hercules engines in place of the Beaufort's Taurus (another Bristol engine).

Since the "Beaufort cannon fighter" was a conversion of an existing design, development and production was expected far more quickly than with a completely fresh design. Accordingly, the air ministry produced draft Specification F.11/37 written around Bristol's suggestion for an "interim" aircraft pending proper introduction of the Whirlwind. Bristol started building a prototype by taking a partly-built Beaufort out of the production line. This conversion served to speed the process—Bristol had promised series production in early 1940 on the basis of an order being placed in February 1939—and the ministry ordered two prototypes from the line and two built from scratch. Although it had been expected that maximum re-use of Beaufort components would speed the process, the fuselage needed more work than expected and had to be completely redesigned.[3] As such, the first prototype flew for the first time on 17 July 1939, a little more than eight months after the design had started, possibly due to the use of much of the Beaufort's design and parts. A production contract for 300 machines "off the drawing board" had already been placed two weeks before the prototype F.17/39 even flew.

OKTIABRSKAJA REWOLUCJA

Gangut Papercraft oktiabrskaja rewolucja Papercraft

Gangut – rosyjski, a następnie radziecki, pancernik typu Gangut z okresu I i II wojny światowej. Początkowo nazwany "Gangut" dla uczczenia miejsca bitwy morskiej stoczonej podczas III wojny północnej, w 1925 okrętowi zmieniono imię na "Oktiabrskaja Riewolucyja" dla upamiętnienia rewolucji październikowej. Była to czwarta jednostka w historii Rosyjskiej Marynarki Wojennej, która nosiła imię "Gangut".

Historia Stępkę pod pierwszy pancernik typu Gangut położono w Stoczni Admiralicji w Piotrogrodzie 16 czerwca 1909. Wodowanie okrętu nastąpiło 20 października 1911, zaś wejście do służby 11 stycznia 1915. W tym samym czasie, kiedy okręt został przyjęty do służby, został on przydzielony do 1. Brygady Okrętów Liniowych Floty Bałtyckiej, która stacjonował w Helsinkach.

W grudniu 1939 podczas wojny zimowej okręt ostrzeliwał fińskie fortyfikacje, jednak bez znacznych sukcesów. We wrześniu 1941 okręt przybył do Leningradu, gdzie przez kolejne 3 lata ostrzeliwał wojska niemieckie oblegające miasto. W tym czasie w stronę niemieckich pozycji wystrzelił 1140 pocisków kalibru 305 mm, stając się zarazem celem niemieckich samolotów (we wrześniu 1941 został trafiony 6 bombami zrzuconymi z samolotów Junkers Ju 87 (Stukasów), a w kwietniu 1942 ponownie 4 bombami). 22 lipca 1944 okręt został odznaczony Orderem Czerwonego Sztandaru. 24 lipca 1954 roku okręt został jednostką szkolną, zaś 17 lutego 1956 został wycofany ze służby. Złomowanie nastąpiło w 1959.

SAMOLOT BREGUET XIX B-2

Breguet 19 Papercraft

The Breguet 19 (Breguet XIX, Br.19 or Bre.19) was a light bomber and reconnaissance aircraft, also used for long-distance flights, designed by the French Breguet company and produced from 1924.

The Breguet 19 was designed as a successor to a highly successful World War I light bomber, the 14. Initially, it was designed to be powered by a 340 kW (450 hp) Bugatti U-16 engine, driving a four-blade propeller, and such a prototype was shown on the 7th Paris Air Show in November 1921.[1] A new design was flown in March 1922, featuring a conventional layout with a single 340 kW (450 hp) Renault 12Kb inline engine. The aircraft was built in a sesquiplane platform, with lower wings substantially smaller than the upper ones. After trials, the Breguet 19 was ordered by the French Army '​s Aéronautique Militaire in September 1923.

The first 11 Breguet 19 prototypes were powered by a number of different engines. A "trademark" of Breguet was the wide usage of duralumin as a construction material, instead of steel or wood. At that time, the aircraft was faster than other bombers, and even some fighter aircraft. Therefore, it met with a huge interest in the world, strengthened by its sporting successes. Mass production, for the Aéronautique Militaire and export, started in France in 1924. The Breguet 19 was a biplane (sesquiplane), conventional in layout, with braced wings. The fuselage, ellipsoid in cross-section, was a frame of duralumin pipes. The front part was covered with duralumin sheets, the tail with canvas. The wings were canvas covered. It had a conventional fixed landing gear with rear skid. The crew of two, pilot and observer/bombardier, sat in tandem in open cockpits, with dual controls.

POLSKIE SAMOCHODY PANCERNE

POLSKIE SAMOCHODY PANCERNE Papercraft

Samochód pancerny – opancerzony pojazd mechaniczny, zwykle uzbrojony w armatę lub karabiny maszynowe, zazwyczaj umieszczone w wieży obrotowej.

Podstawowym przeznaczeniem większości samochodów pancernych było rozpoznanie, rzadziej walka. Zazwyczaj pancerz samochodów pancernych chronił tylko przed pociskami karabinowymi i odłamkami. W zależności od masy i uzbrojenia czasami wyróżnia się lekkie, średnie i ciężkie samochody pancerne. Samochodów pancernych nie należy mylić z kołowymi transporterami opancerzonymi, których zadaniem jest przewożenie żołnierzy.

Pierwsze samochody pancerne skonstruowano w pierwszej dekadzie XX wieku, apogeum ich rozwoju nastąpiło przed i w okresie II wojny światowej. Stopniowo powstające konstrukcje charakteryzowały się lepszymi własnościami w terenie i uzbrojeniem. Zamiast samochodów dwuosiowych z napędem na tylną oś, budowanych na podwoziach samochodów cywilnych, zaczęły powstawać konstrukcje z napędem na wszystkie koła, a liczba osi wzrosła w niektórych konstrukcjach do czterech.

Samolot mysliwski PZL P-24 G

PZL P.24 Papercraft Samolot mysliwski PZL P-24 G Papercraft

The PZL P.24 was a Polish fighter aircraft, designed in mid-1930s in the PZL factory in Warsaw. It was exported to several countries, but not used in Poland. The PZL P.24 was developed as an export version of the PZL P.11, a gull-wing all-metal fighter designed by Zygmunt Puławski. The P.11 was powered with a license-built Bristol Mercury engine. The license did not permit export sales, so the French Gnome-Rhône company proposed using their engines in the P.11. The first P.24/I prototype, based on the P.11a and powered by a Gnome-Rhône 14Kds 760 hp (570 kW) engine, was flown in May 1933. The second P.24/II prototype, named the "Super P.24", set a world speed record for radial engine-powered fighters (414 km/h). The third P.24/III prototype was the "Super P.24bis" with a more powerful 14Kfs engine. The type was shown at the Paris air show in 1934 attracting great interest from the participants.

The aircraft was conventional in layout, with high wings. It was all-metal and metal-covered. The wings had a gull-wing shape, with a thin profile close to the fuselage, to provide a good view for the pilot. This configuration was developed by Zygmunt Puławski and called "the Polish wing". The canopy was closed (apart from prototypes). An internal 360 liter fuel tank in the fuselage could be dropped in case of fire emergency. It had conventional fixed landing gear, with a rear skid.

The armament was a combination of 20 mm Oerlikon FF cannon and 7.92 mm Colt-Browning machine guns in the wings. P.24A, P.24E and P.24F had two cannon and two machine guns. P.24B, P.24C and P.24G had four machine guns.

HMS PENELOPE

HMS Penelope Papercraft

HMS Penelope was an Arethusa-class light cruiser of the Royal Navy. She was built by Harland & Wolff (Belfast, Northern Ireland); her keel was laid down on 30 May 1934. She was launched on 15 October 1935, and commissioned 13 November 1936. On wartime service with Force "K", she was holed so many times by bomb fragments that she acquired the nickname "HMS Pepperpot". At the outbreak of World War II she was with the 3rd Cruiser Squadron in the Mediterranean, having arrived at Malta on 2 September 1939. Home Fleet

Penelope and her sister ship Arethusa were reallocated to the 2nd Cruiser Squadron in the Home Fleet and arrived at Portsmouth on 11 January 1940. On 3 February she left for the River Clyde en route to Rosyth. She arrived on 7 February, and operated with the 2nd Cruiser Squadron on convoy escort duties, and in April and May 1940, she took part in the Norwegian operations. On 11 April Penelope ran aground off Fleinvær while hunting German merchant ships entering the Vestfjord. Her boiler room was flooded and she was holed forward. The destroyer Eskimo towed her to Skjelfjord where an advanced base had been improvised. Despite air attacks, temporary repairs were made and she was towed home a month later. She arrived at Greenock in Scotland on 16 May 1940 where additional temporary repairs were carried out, before proceeding on 19 August to the Tyne for permanent repairs.

After repairs and trials were completed in August 1941, Penelope reappeared as 'a new ship from the water line down'. She returned to the 2nd Cruiser Squadron at Scapa Flow on 17 August 1941. On 9 September she left Greenock escorting the battleship Duke of York to Rosyth. Later that month she was employed in patrolling the Iceland - Faroes passage to intercept enemy surface ships. On 6 October 1941 Penelope left Hvalfjord, Iceland, with another battleship, King George V, escorting the aircraft carrier Victorious for the successful Operation "E.J.", an air attack on enemy shipping between Glom Fjord and the head of West Fjord, Norway. The force returned to Scapa Flow on 10 October 1941.

MIRAGE F.1C

Dassault Mirage F1  Papercraft MIRAGE F.1C Papercraft

The Dassault Mirage F1 is a French air-superiority fighter and attack aircraft designed and built by Dassault Aviation as a successor of the Mirage III family. The Mirage F1 entered service in the French Air Force (Armée de l'Air) in 1974. Powered by a single SNECMA Atar turbojet providing about 7 tonnes-force (69 kN; 15,000 lbf) of thrust, the F1 has been used as a light multipurpose fighter and has been exported to about a dozen nations. More than 720 F1s have been produced.[1]

Design and development Dassault designed the Mirage F1 as a private venture, using its own funds, as a successor to its Mirage III and Mirage 5 fighters, with the F1 being a smaller version of the Mirage F2 being developed for the French Air Force. It was of similar size to the delta-winged Mirage III and V, and was powered by a SNECMA Atar 9K turbojet as used in the Dassault Mirage IV, but unlike its predecessors, it shared the layout of a swept wing mounted high on the fuselage and a conventional tail surface as used by the F2.[2] Although it has a smaller wingspan than the Mirage III, the F1 nevertheless proved to be superior to its predecessor. It can carry up to 43% more fuel, has a shorter take-off run and better maneuverability.[3] French Air Force Mirage F1

The first prototype made its maiden flight on 23 December 1966. Despite the prototype crashing on 18 May 1967 due to flutter, killing its pilot, an order for three prototypes was placed on 26 May 1967, the larger and more expensive F2 being abandoned.[2] In order to comply with the French Air Force's requirement for an all-weather interceptor, the first production Mirage F1C was equipped with a Thomson-CSF Cyrano IV monopulse radar. The later Cyrano IV-1 version added a limited look-down capability.[4] However Mirage F1 pilots reported that the radar can easily overheat, reducing its efficiency.[citation needed] First deliveries to the French Air Force took place in May 1973, entering squadron service with EC 2/30 Normandie-Niemen in December that year.[5] Initially, the aircraft was armed with two internal 30 mm cannons, and a single Matra R530 medium-range air-to-air missile carried under the fuselage.[6][7] It was replaced after 1979, when the improved Matra Super 530 F entered into service with the French Air Force.[8] In 1977, the R550 Magic was released. The F1 has these missiles mounted on rails on the wingtips. Around the same time, the American AIM-9 Sidewinder became part of the Mirage F1's armament, after the Spanish and Hellenic Air Forces requested integration of the Sidewinder on their own Mirage F1CE and CG fighters. The 79 aircraft of the next production run were delivered during the period March 1977 to December 1983. These were of the Mirage F1C-200 version with a fixed refuelling probe, which required an extension of the fuselage by 7 cm. The Mirage F1 served as the main interceptor of the French Air Force until the Dassault Mirage 2000 entered service.

P-38 Lockheed LIGHTNING

Lockheed P-38 Lightning Papercraft

The Lockheed P-38 Lightning is a World War II American fighter aircraft. Developed to a United States Army Air Corps requirement, the P-38 had distinctive twin booms and a single, central nacelle containing the cockpit and armament. Named "fork-tailed devil" (der Gabelschwanz-Teufel) by the Luftwaffe and "two planes, one pilot" (2飛行機、1パイロット Ni hikōki, ippairotto?) by the Japanese,[7] the P-38 was used in a number of roles, including interception, dive bombing, level bombing, ground-attack, night fighting, photo reconnaissance, radar and visual pathfinding for bombers, and evacuation missions,[8] and extensively as a long-range escort fighter when equipped with drop tanks under its wings.

The P-38 was used most successfully in the Pacific Theater of Operations and the China-Burma-India Theater of Operations as the aircraft of America's top aces, Richard Bong (40 victories), Thomas McGuire (38 victories) and Charles H. MacDonald (36 victories). In the South West Pacific theater, the P-38 was the primary long-range fighter of United States Army Air Forces until the appearance of large numbers of P-51D Mustangs toward the end of the war.[9][10]

The P-38 was unusually quiet for a fighter, the exhaust muffled by the turbo-superchargers. It was extremely forgiving, and could be mishandled in many ways, but the rate of roll in the early versions was too slow for it to excel as a dogfighter.[11] The P-38 was the only American fighter aircraft in production throughout American involvement in the war, from Pearl Harbor to Victory over Japan Day. At the end of the war, orders for 1,887 were cancelled.[12]

Niszczyciel ORP PIORUN

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ORP Piorun is an Orkan-class fast attack craft and sister ship of Grom and Orkan.

The original project was prepared by the German Democratic Republic for its navy and was named Project 660 ("Sassnitz class" in NATO code[3]). After the Unification of Germany the unfinished hulls were bought by the Polish Navy from VEB Peenewerft shipyard in Wolgast and successfully completed in Northern Shipyard in Gdańsk.[2]

After its completion in 1994 the ship was incorporated into the 31st Rocket Warships Squadron, 3rd Ship Flotilla.